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Web oficial de la Universidade da Corua. Enlaces a centros, departamentos, servicios, planes de estudios. The Beginning and End of all your travels As a photographer and traveler, I have to admit I fell in love with minube at first sight. Im usually skeptical about travel sites that recommend tourist attractions, perhaps because Im a photographer and tend to seek out places that are less visited or hidden. Then, I saw that minube users were sharing their own favorite places, places that are actually special to them. For me, it became a source of inspiration a place where I could find recommendations about things to do in even the most out of the way destinations. Its this sense of community that makes minube special. Get inspiration for you next vacation, plan your trip and choose the places you cant miss, then share your experiences with other travelers. Sergio Dunstan Laura Frade Julio Pimienta Sergio Tobn. Elementos esenciales para la elaboracin de exmenes en la educacin bsica. I realized that minube is not a site thats just trying to sell you something, but rather a place that can help you in all stages of your trip local cuisine, restaurants, points of interest, hidden places, where to stay, regardless of your travel style. Bib. Me Free Bibliography Citation Maker. Select style search. Select style search. Search for a book, article, website, film, or enter the information yourself. Add it easily and continue. Add it easily and continue. Add it to your bibliography and continue citing to build your works cited list. Download bibliography. Download bibliography. Download your bibliography in either the APA, MLA, Chicago or Turabian formats. Europa, the Beast, and Revelation. By COGwriter While nearly everybody has heard of Europe, many do not know much about it and most do not know what is prophesied to. Now you can view inspirational movie clips from many of your favorite films. These WingClips can also be downloaded to use in your school, church or other. Free Kindle eBooks. Every day we bring you a comprehensive list of free ebooks for download for your Kindle. The list is compiled from ebooks which are promoted free. The Jungle Book 2016 Free Download 720p BluRay HD Popcorns, Direct download 720p 1080p high quality movies just in single click from HD Popcorns. Economics of R. C. C. Water tank Resting over Firm Ground vis a vis Pre stressed Concrete Water Tank Resting over Firm Ground. By. MS. SNEHAL R. METKARP. G. STUDENTDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGSTRUCTURAL ENGINEERING IIND YEARP. R. M. T OF TECH. RESEARCH, BADNERA AMRAVATISANT. GADGE BABA AMARAVATI UNIVERSITY MAHARASHTRACOUNTRY INDIA 4. GUIDED BYProf A. R. MundhadaPROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,P. R M. I. T. R., BADNERA, AMRAVATI. MAHARASHTRA, INDIA 4. Abstract. Water tanks are used to store water and are designed as crack free structures, to eliminate any leakage. In this paper design of two types of circular water tank resting on ground is presented. Bridge Engineering Handbook SECOND EDITION. superstructure design Edited by. WaiFah Chen and Lian Duan. Boca Raton London New York. CRC Press is an imprint of the. Foundation Design. Foundation is the base of any structure. Without a solid foundation, the structure would not hold for long. We have to be very cautious with the. Control joint Tooled, straight grooves made on concrete floors to control where the concrete should crack Convection Currents created by heating air, which then. Resources include AIA contract documents, handbooks, guidelines, and MasterSpec. Both reinforced concrete RC and prestressed concrete PSC alternatives are considered in the design and are compared considering the total cost of the tank. These water tank are subjected to the same type of capacity and dimensions. As an objective function with the properties of tank that are tank capacity, width length etc. A computer program has been developed for solving numerical examples using the Indian std. Indian Standard Code 4. IS 3. 37. 0 I,II,III,IV IS 1. The paper gives idea for safe design with minimum cost of the tank and give the designer the relationship curve between design variable thus design of tank can be more economical ,reliable and simple. The paper helps in understanding the design philosophy for the safe and economical design of water tank. Keywords. Rigid based water tank, RCC water tank, Prestressed Concrete, design, details, minimum total cost, tank capacity. I. INTRODUCTIONStorage reservoirs and over head tanks are used to store water, liquid petroleum, petroleum products and similar liquids. The force analysis of the reservoirs or tanks is about the same irrespective of the chemical nature of the product. In general there are three kinds of water tanks tanks resting on ground Underground tanks and elevated tanks. Here we are studying only the tanks resting on ground like clear water reservoirs, settling tanks, aeration tanks etc. The wall of these tanks are subjected to pressure and the base is subjected to weight of Water. Advertisements. In this paper, both types of reinforced concrete and prestesses concrete water tanks resting on ground monolithic with the base Are design and their results compared. These tanks are subjected to Same capacity and dimensions. Also a computer program has been developed for solving numerical examples using IS Code 4. IS 1. 34. 3 1. 98. IS 3. 37. 0 Part I,II,III,IV 1. IS Code 1. 34. 3 1. From the analysis it is conclude that for tank having larger capacity greater than 1. Objective To make the study about the analysis and design of water tank. To make the guidelines for the design of liquid retaining structure According to IS code. To know about design philosophy for safe design of water tank. To develop program for water tank to avoid tedious calculations. To know economical design of water This report is to provide guidance in the design and construction of circular priestesses concrete using tendons. Previous Research. From the review of earlier investigations it is found that considerable work has been done on the method of analysis and design of water tanks. Tanetal. 1 1. British Code for water tanks, using a direct search method and the SUMT. The cost function included the material costs of concrete and steel only. The tank wall thickness was idealized with piecewise linear slopes with the maximum thickness at the base. Thakkar and Sridhar Rao 2 1. Indian code. Al Badri 3 2. ACI Code 2. 00. 2. He proved that the minimum cost of the silo increases with increasing of the angle of internal friction between stored materials, the coefficient of friction between stored materials and concrete, and the number of columns supporting hopper. Al Badri 2. 00. AC I Code 2. 00. The cost function included the material costs of concrete, formwork and steel reinforcement. He proved that the minimum total cost of the corbel increases with the increase of the shear span, and decreases with the increase of the friction factor for monolithic construction. Hassan Jasim Mohammed 4 studied the economical design of concrete water Tanks by optimization method. He applied the optimization technique to the structural design of concrete rectangular and circular water tank, considering the total cost of the tank as an objective function with the properties of the tank viz. From the study he concluded that an increased tank capacity leads to increased minimum total cost of the rectangular tank but decreased minimum total cost for the circular tank. The tank floor slab thickness constitutes the minimum total cost for two types of tanks. The minimum cost is more sensitive to changes in tank capacity and floor slab thickness of rectangular tank but in circular type is more sensitive to change in all variables. Increased tank capacity leads to increase in minimum total cost. Increase in water depth in circular tank leads to increase in minimum total cost. Abdul Aziz A. Rashed 5 rationalized the design procedure for reinforced and prestressed concrete tanks so that an applicable Canadian design standard could be developed. The study investigates the concept of partial prestressing in liquid containing structures. The paper also includes experimental and analytical phases of total of eight full scale specimens, representing segments from typical tank walls, subjected to load and leakage tests. In analytical study a computer model that can predict the response of tank wall segments is described and calibrated against the test results. The proposed design procedure addresses the leakage limit state directly. It is applicable for fully prestressed, fully reinforced and partially prestressed concrete water tanks. The conclusions that are drawn are as follows A design method based on limiting the steel stress, does not produce consistent crack or compression zone depths under the application of prestressing nor under a combination of axial load and moment. A design method based on providing a residual compressive stress in concrete dose not utilizes non prestressed reinforcement effectively. Relaxing the residual compressive stress requirement permits a more efficient design. The stresses in non prestresssed steel are higher, but remain below yield under service load. Therefore, less reinforcement is required. Load eccentricity significantly affects the behavior of the prestressed concrete sections. The behavior with a small load eccentricity, less than about half the thickness, the section may be treated as a flexure member. The ratio of non prestressed steel to prestressed steel in partially prestressed concrete section has a significant effect on the member serviceability and strength. Choosing the ratio such that both non prestress and prestressed steel reach their strength simultaneously utilizes both types of steel at the ultimate limit state effectively. Increasing the wall thickness is very effective in increasing the capacity of the section and improving its serviceability by increasing the compression zone depth and reducing the deformations. Chetan Kumar Gautam 6 Highlights the point named Comparison of Circular Reinforced Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Underground Shelter. In his paper, design of two types of large circular underground shelters is presented. The shelters are made of precast concrete sections. Both RC and PSC alternatives are considered in the design and compared. The shelters are subjected to same type of external loadings and support conditions. The study conclude that the feasibility of using the vertical casting process of making the modules of shelters as it is suitable for manufacturing of large diameter pipes. He also suggested that the incorporation of fibers, specially steel fibers improves a host of properties of concrete, including its crack resistance, flexural strength, ductility, etc. Thus, the possibility of incorporating fibers in concrete shelter may be explored. Advertisements. II DESIGN PHILOSOPHY. For R. C. C. water tank. For Prestresed Concrete water tank. For R. C. C Structure. Permissible stresses in concrete For resistance to cracking. Design of liquid retaining structure is different from R. C. C. structures. As it requires that concrete should not crack and hence tensile stresses in concrete should be within permissible limit. i. TYPE I structure. About the Handbook 2. Handbook. Statement of purpose. This is the official site of the Monash University Handbook for course and unit information, including unit guides. Anything published elsewhere that is inconsistent with information provided in this Handbook is not accurate. The Handbook is the official statement of courses and units available for study at Monash University, published each academic year. Changes made after publication which might affect student enrolment or progression are recorded in the official change register. The Handbook sets out the requirements that must be satisfied for a student to be eligible for course completion and graduation refer also to How to use the Handbook. The course and unit details provided in this edition of the Handbook are for those students who commence their studies in 2. Latest trending topics being covered on ZDNet including Reviews, Tech Industry, Security, Hardware, Apple, and Windows. Handbook edition for the year in which they started their course. 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SOLUTION Check to see if a Microsoft KB update has been superseded and show the new KB number WSUS is the most common free tool that give the supersedence information for each update. Yo must enable the column named Supersendence on the WSUS console, by doing a rigth click over the column headers. You can see also the MSRC Numbers column, representing the Microsoft Bulletin Number for each update. However these numbers are not present in all updates, so IMHO the most reliable source for supercedence is the WSUS console it self. Im having trouble trying to figure out how to clear a failed update. For some reason, WSUS shipped out a WSUS 3. 0 SP2 update to one of my servers that. How to Setup WSUS on 2. R2 Server. 20. 082. R2 Server. Install the Microsoft Report Viewer Redistributable 2. MBAdd the WSUS role. This will automatically add the IIS role and will also download the right WSUS version for your server, so theres no need to download it manually from Microsoft. Note If you have problems downloading WSUS, please make sure you have no WSUS policies set on your Default Domain Policy or your Default Domain Controllers Policy. Recently, weve seen an increase in the number of high CPUHigh Memory usage problems with WSUS, including WSUS in a System Center Configuration Manager. Experts Exchange Questions Check to see if a Microsoft KB update has been superseded and show the new KB number Introduction. There have been some great guides through the years on configuring WSUS with SCCM from the ground up, but I felt it was time for me to add to the. You can check this by opening up Group Policy Management Computer Config Policies Admin Templates Windows Components Windows Update. All should be Not Configured. If you need to make changes, either reboot the server and re add the WSUS role or run gpupdate force and re add the WSUS role. When the installation window appears, choose Full server installation including Administrative Console Next. Accept the Terms Next. WSUS Setup will choose the volume with the most space. You can change this to D WSUS or E WSUS as required Next. Use the built in Windows Internal Database Next. Use the existing IIS Default Web site Recommended Next. Note If you do not choose the Default IIS Web site, youll need to specify the Microsoft update service location slightly differently as follows for example Specify intranet Microsoft update service location Enabledhttp SERVERNAME 8. SERVERNAME 8. 08. When setup completes, cancel the Configuration Wizard that appears. Open WSUS by navigating to Administrative Tools Windows Server Update Services. On the left, expand SERVERNAME Computers All Computers. You can create computer groups, such as Workstations, Servers and Notebooks. When your workstations report to WSUS, theyll appear in the All Computers group, but can be moved as required. Click on Options Source and Proxy Server Proxy Server tab. Enter your proxy and port, then click OK. Products and Classifications. By default few products are displayed, but dont worry. Choose Windows Server 2. Server in your domain. Click the Classifications tab and enable Critical Updates Definition Updates Security Updates Update Rollups Updates, then click OK. Update Files and Languages Update Languages tab Download updates only in these languages. Tick English, then click OK. Synchronization Schedule Synchronize Automatically. Specify 0. 4 0. 0 0. Synchronizations per day. Click OK. Automatic Approvals. Tick to enable Default Automatic Approval Rule. Just below this, click the Critical Updates link. Tick to enable Critical Updates Definition Updates Security Updates Update Rollups Updates, click OK, and OK. E Mail Notifications. Tick to enable Send e mail notification when new updates are synchronized. Enter your e mail address. Tick to enable Send Status Reports. Specify Frequency Weekly. Send reports at 1. Recipients Enter your e mail address. Click the E mail Server tab. Specify your SMTP server. If you do not know this, enquire with your LA or ISP. Sender name WSUSE mail address WSUSyourdomain. OK. Click Synchronizations near the top left, then near the top right click Synchronize Now. Wait for the synchronization process to complete, then return back to Options Products and Classifications. This will now be fully populated. Click additional products such as Windows 7, Windows Server 2. R2 and Office 2. 01. Click OK, return back to Synchronizations then click Synchronize Now. To enable your workstations to report to your WSUS server, navigate to Computer Config Policies Admin Templates Windows Components Windows Update. Specify the following policies Do not display Install Updates and Shutdown option in Shutdown Windows dialogue box Not Configured. Do not adjust default option to Install Updates and Shutdown in Shutdown Windows dialogue box Not Configured. Enabling Windows Update Power Management to automatically wake up the system to install scheduled updates Not Configured. Configure Automatic Updates Enabled 4 Auto download and schedule the install. Everyday. 11 0. 0Specify intranet Microsoft update service location Enabledhttp SERVERNAMEhttp SERVERNAMEAutomatic Updates detection frequency Enabled. HoursAllow non administrators to receive update notifications Disabled. Turn on Software Notifications Not Configured. Allow Automatic Updates immediate installation Enabled. Turn on recommended updates via Automatic Updates Disabled. No auto restart with logged on users for scheduled automatic updates installations Enabled. Re prompt for restart with scheduled installations Not Configured. Delay restart for scheduled installations Not Configured. Reschedule Automatic Updates scheduled installations Enabled. Minutes. Enable client side targeting Not Configured. Allow signed updates from an Intranet Microsoft Update service location Disabled. Your workstations will then start reporting to your WSUS console. WSUS setup complete Cairns Special Needs Community e. Book 2. 01. 7 2. Edition by Heidi. Cairns Special Needs Community e. Book 2. 01. 7 2. Edition Published on Jul 3, 2. Cairns Special Needs Community e. Book Your Essential Guide To Services And Support In Cairns, Far North Queensland, Australia. Some conten. See More. Discover easy and unique ideas for home, decor, beauty, food, kids etc. Try the best inspiration from a list of ideas which suits your requirement. News on Japan, Business News, Opinion, Sports, Entertainment and More. A data center is a facility composed of networked computers and storage used to organize, process, store and disseminate large amounts of data. Name Manager Established Server side all free software Client side allfree JS code Developed or used CDE Require free software on registration Adfree. 1. Admidio Admidio is a basic open source management software available on SourceForge that focuses on general management, and that can be applied to membership and. Freeopensource software the source availability model used by free and opensource software FOSS and closed source are two approaches to the distribution. The Top 9 Free and Open Source Membership Management Software Products. UPDATE 72. 82. 01. Weve updated this article to include features lists for each software, and other software options for nonprofits at the end. No one can arguegetting things for free is awesome Whether its a brand new car or just a Chipotle burrito, free stuff makes you happy. So what if you could get something you need and would actually invest money in for free Maybe something likemembership management software With membership management software, your nonprofit can, among other things, keep track of member applications and contact information, and send out email campaigns to keep members up to speed on all that is happening. Smaller organizations sometimes dont have the money for large and expensive systems, but luckily there are lots of free and open source software tools out there for you to use. Ive put together a list of the best free membership management software out there for you to compare and contrast. Software options are listed in alphabetical order. Admidio is a basic open source management software available on Source. Forge that focuses on general management, and that can be applied to membership and event management. Although basic on the surface, the features of Admidio range from membership list creation and management to integration with online postings and advertising. ProsCons Admidio covers many of the key features of membership management software. It can keep your lists updated, integrates with Excel and can export in. However, it does not come packaged with many of the bells and whistles included with other software options, such as Wild Apricot. It does not include payment processing, automatic renewals, or accounting. You may want to consider additional software to supplement these functions. Features Event notifications. Excel integration. Member database. Member profiles. Big. Tent is an online platform and subsidiary of care. They provide a secure network where members can interact with one another and stay informed and involved in their groups activities. The majority of their customers are like minded groups, social clubs, small organizations, and the like. Big. Tent is free for any number of members, but does charge a per transaction fee of 4. Proscons Big. Tent offers payment processing and unlimited free photo and file sharing as well as more general functionality to manage your membership. Big. Tent is great for small groups and organizations with a small budget and not many people or the time to manage complicated softwarethey have a customer support page to help you through it yourself. Its very basic and simple to use and doesnt require a lot of maintenance. However, they dont give you a custom domain, and they also charge transaction fees. Features Calendars. Dues management. Member applications. Member database. Member subgroups. Payment processing. Club. Master is an open source membership management system written in PHP a code language similarly built to HTML. Its not as pretty as some of the other programs in this list due to the bare bones code build, but the functionality is still there. Its goal is to make a complete membership solution that is free for all, and contains a long list of useful features. Its licensed under a Beerware license a very relaxed license, so you can do everything that you want with the software. Proscons Club. Master, in addition to the inherent customizability of being open source, includes shoporder management and integrates with Quick. Pay. That said, it also means they have very limited support there is a mailing list for support questions so you may run into problems with installing and running the software unless you or someone else in your organization is tech savvy. Additionally, as the software has not been updated since 2. I wouldnt expect much in the realm of support. Features Admin and user interface. Calendars. Dashboard. Gravatar integration. Member database. Membership auto renewal. Online shop management. Role management. Team membership subscription. Group. Spaces provides technology to manage membership, activities, and promotion online through a free group website. Their main customers are mostly student groups, social groups, and small organizations. They are free up to 5. Proscons. Group. Spaces provides ticketing, the ability to create a custom domain or integrate with your current website, as well as manage events. However, they have a very simple back end and they do not integrate with Quick. Books or any other accounting package. It is also worth noting that we attempted to reach them several times with no success. This may be an indication of low customer service levels. Features Custom newsletters. Email archive. Email subscriptions. Event manager. File repository. Group mailing list. Member database. Membership forms. RSVPs. Members. Gear is a free open source membership software that provides you with all the tools to easily administer a membership or subscription web business. Its PHP software allows you to integrate and configure your own design with their management system. Members. Gear also offers paid plugin features, if you decide to expand your uses of the software. Proscons Members. Gear supports member affiliate programs, unlimited groups, and product selling. Its free and downloadable, and is ideal for managing a subscription based membership website. However, similar to Club. Master, support, although free, is limited given that its open source, and unless youre tech savvy you may encounter some problems. Features Dashboard. Excel integration. Member database. Member email notifications. Website widgets and plugins. Member. Planet is web based software that provides everything for you to manage your group in one place. Its used by a wide variety of groups, and is completely free up to 1. They begin charging 5monthonce you surpass those numbers. Proscons Member. Planet has donation campaigns, integrates with Quick. Pay, has online surveys, and has different types of support available among quite a few other options. Features Dues management. Fundraising. Event management. Mobile capabilities. Newsletters. Member text messaging. Member database. Targeted distribution lists. Widgets for your website. Tendenci is a much more in depth open source software solution, covering the major features of membership management, such as payments, membership lists, donations, and email integration. The full version of the software is available for download on Git. Hub. ProsCons Tendenci is feature and option rich, to be sure. However, as with all open source software, it does require some technical expertise to get it up and running. That said, if you dont want to handle implementation yourself, hosting and support are available as packages purchased on the Tendenci website. Features Email marketing. Event registration. Jobs board. Member database. Member subgroups. Wild Apricot is web based software for small associations and non profits to help manage membership, website, events, and other activities. It runs through a web browser without needing to install anything on your local computer. Their focus is small organizations and they have a mix of free and paid options. The free option is free for one admin andup to 5. They charge 4. 0month when you get to 2. Proscons Wild Apricot offers custom domains and integrates with Quick. Books as well. It has good support and has some great resources and user reviews, even with the free option, and is very customizable. However, if your organization grows rapidly you will quickly outgrow the free version and have to pay monthly fees. Features Automated membership renewals. Member database. Membership applications. Membership database customization. Widgets for your website. Who doesnt love penguins Already Zenbership has me hooked with their clean website and quality presentation. This presentation doesnt end with their website as their software also offers a clean, modern, and easy to understand user interface. Zenbership not only offers your standard membership management features, but also includes free event management, social media marketing, and email subscription options. ProsCons Zenbership has to be one of the cleanest and most expansive open source membership management programs I have come across. However this quality comes at a price. What is data center Definition from What. Is. com. A data center or datacenter is a facility composed of networked computers and storage that businesses or other organizations use to organize, process, store and disseminate large amounts of data. A business typically relies heavily upon the applications, services and data contained within a data center, making it a focal point and critical asset for everyday operations. By submitting your personal information, you agree that Tech. Target and its partners may contact you regarding relevant content, products and special offers. You also agree that your personal information may be transferred and processed in the United States, and that you have read and agree to the Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy. Data centers are not a single thing, but rather, a conglomeration of elements. At a minimum, data centers serve as the principal repositories for all manner of IT equipment, including servers, storage subsystems, networking switches, routers and firewalls, as well as the cabling and physical racks used to organize and interconnect the IT equipment. A data center must also contain an adequate infrastructure, such as power distribution and supplemental power subsystems, including electrical switching uninterruptable power supplies backup generators and so on ventilation and data center cooling systems, such as computer room air conditioners and adequate provisioning for network carrier telco connectivity. All of this demands a physical facility with physical security and sufficient physical space to house the entire collection of infrastructure and equipment. Data center consolidation and colocation. There is no requirement for a single data center, and modern businesses may use two or more data center installations across multiple locations for greater resilience and better application performance, which lowers latency by locating workloads closer to users. Conversely, a business with multiple data centers may opt to consolidate data centers, reducing the number of locations in order to minimize the costs of IT operations. Consolidation typically occurs during mergers and acquisitions when the majority business doesnt need the data centers owned by the subordinate business. Iceland encourages data center industry with low cost green energy. Alternatively, data center operators can pay a fee to rent server space and other hardware in a colocation facility. Colocation is an appealing option for organizations that want to avoid the large capital expenditures associated with building and maintaining their own data centers. Today, colocation providers are expanding their offerings to include managed services, such as interconnectivity, allowing customers to connect to the public cloud. Data center tiers. Data centers are not defined by their physical size or style. Small businesses may operate successfully with several servers and storage arrays networked within a convenient closet or small room, while major computing organizations, such as Facebook, Amazon or Google, may fill an enormous warehouse space with data center equipment and infrastructure. In other cases, data centers can be assembled in mobile installations, such as shipping containers, also known as data centers in a box, which can be moved and deployed as required. However, data centers can be defined by various levels of reliability or resilience, sometimes referred to as data center tiers. In 2. 00. 5, the American National Standards Institute ANSI and the Telecommunications Industry Association TIA published standard ANSITIA 9. Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers, which defined four tiers of data center design and implementation guidelines. Each subsequent tier is intended to provide more resilience, security and reliability than the previous tier. For example, a tier 1 data center is little more than a server room, while a tier 4 data center offers redundant subsystems and high security. Data center architecture and design. Although almost any suitable space could conceivably serve as a data center, the deliberate design and implementation of a data center requires careful consideration. Beyond the basic issues of cost and taxes, sites are selected based on a multitude of criteria, such as geographic location, seismic and meteorological stability, access to roads and airports, availability of energy and telecommunications and even the prevailing political environment. Once a site is secured, the data center architecture can be designed with attention to the mechanical and electrical infrastructure, as well as the composition and layout of the IT equipment. All of these issues are guided by the availability and efficiency goals of the desired data center tier. Energy consumption and efficiency. Data center designs also recognize the importance of energy efficiency. A simple data center may need only a few kilowatts of energy, but an enterprise scale data center installation can demand tens of megawatts or more. Today, the green data center, which is designed for minimum environmental impact through the use of low emission building materials, catalytic converters and alternative energy technologies, is growing in popularity. Organizations often measure data center energy efficiency through a metric called power usage effectiveness PUE, which represents the ratio of total power entering the data center divided by the power used by IT equipment. However, the subsequent rise of virtualization has allowed for much more productive use of IT equipment, resulting in much higher efficiency, lower energy use and energy cost mitigation. Metrics such as PUE are no longer central to energy efficiency goals, but organizations may still gauge PUE and employ comprehensive power and cooling analyses to better understand and manage energy efficiency. Data center security and safety. Data center designs must also implement sound safety and security practices. For example, safety is often reflected in the layout of doorways and access corridors, which must accommodate the movement of large, unwieldy IT equipment, as well as permit employees to access and repair the infrastructure. Fire suppression is another key safety area, and the extensive use of sensitive, high energy electrical and electronic equipment precludes common sprinklers. Instead, data centers often use environmentally friendly chemical fire suppression systems, which effectively starve a fire of oxygen while mitigating collateral damage to the equipment. Since the data center is also a core business asset, comprehensive security measures, like badge access and video surveillance, help to detect and prevent malfeasance by employees, contractors and intruders. Data center infrastructure management and monitoring. Modern data centers make extensive use of monitoring and management software. Software such as data center infrastructure management tools allow remote IT administrators to oversee the facility and equipment, measure performance, detect failures and implement a wide array of corrective actions, without ever physically entering the data center room. The growth of virtualization has added another important dimension to data center infrastructure management. Virtualization now supports the abstraction of servers, networks and storage, allowing every computing resource to be organized into pools without regard to their physical location. Administrators can then provision workloads, storage instances and even network configuration from those common resource pools. When administrators no longer need those resources, they can return them to the pool for reuse. All of these actions can be implemented through software, giving traction to the term software defined data center. Data center vs. cloud. Data centers are increasingly implementing private cloud software, which builds on virtualization to add a level of automation, user self service and billingchargeback to data center administration. The goal is to allow individual users to provision workloads and other computing resources on demand, without IT administrative intervention. It is also increasingly possible for data centers to interface with public cloud providers. Platforms such as Microsoft Azure emphasize the hybrid use of local data centers with Azure or other public cloud resources. 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